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CASE STUDY
Effects of turmeric on Alzheimer's disease with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Nozomi Hishikawa, Yoriko Takahashi, Yoshinobu Amakusa, Yuhei Tanno, Yoshitake Tuji, Hisayoshi Niwa, Nobuyuki Murakami, UK Krishna
October-December 2012, 33(4):499-504
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.110524
PMID
:23723666
We describe here three patients with the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) whose behavioral symptoms were improved remarkably as a result of the turmeric treatment, which is the traditional Indian medicine. Their cognitive decline and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) were very severe. All three patients exhibited irritability, agitation, anxiety, and apathy, two patients suffer from urinary incontinence and wonderings. They were prescribed turmeric powder capsules and started recovering from these symptoms without any adverse reaction in the clinical symptom and laboratory data. After 12 weeks of the treatment, total score of the Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory-brief questionnaire decreased significantly in both acuity of symptoms and burden of caregivers. In one case, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score was up five points, from 12/30 to 17/30. In the other two cases, no significant change was seen in the MMSE; however, they came to recognize their family within 1 year treatment. All cases have been taking turmeric for more than 1 year, re-exacerbation of BPSD was not seen. The present cases suggest a significant improvement of the behavioral symptoms in the AD with the turmeric treatment, leading to probable benefit of the use of turmeric in individuals with the AD with BPSD.
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42
7,609
1,732
REVIEW ARTICLES
Medicinal and cosmetic uses of Bee's Honey - A review
E. R. H. S. S Ediriweera, N. Y. S Premarathna
April-June 2012, 33(2):178-182
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.105233
PMID
:23559786
Bee's honey is one of the most valued and appreciated natural substances known to mankind since ancient times. There are many types of bee's honey mentioned in Ayurveda. Their effects differ and '
Makshika
' is considered medicinally the best. According to modern scientific view, the best bee's honey is made by
Apis mellifera
(Family: Apidae). In Sri Lanka, the predominant honey-maker bee is
Apis cerana
. The aim of this survey is to emphasize the importance of bee's honey and its multitude of medicinal, cosmetic and general values. Synonyms, details of formation, constitution, properties, and method of extraction and the usages of bee's honey are gathered from text books, traditional and Ayurvedic physicians of Western and Southern provinces, villagers of 'Kalahe' in Galle district of Sri Lanka and from few search engines. Fresh bee's honey is used in treatment of eye diseases, throat infections, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis, hiccups, thirst, dizziness, fatigue, hepatitis, worm infestation, constipation, piles, eczema, healing of wounds, ulcers and used as a nutritious, easily digestible food for weak people. It promotes semen, mental health and used in cosmetic purposes. Old bee's honey is used to treat vomiting, diarrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, diabetes mellitus and in preserving meat and fruits. Highly popular in cosmetic treatment, bee's honey is used in preparing facial washes, skin moisturizers, hair conditioners and in treatment of pimples. Bee's honey could be considered as one of the finest products of nature that has a wide range of beneficial uses.
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22
16,789
2,413
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
The effect of
ghee
(clarified butter) on serum lipid levels and microsomal lipid peroxidation
Hari Sharma, Xiaoying Zhang, Chandradhar Dwivedi
April-June 2010, 31(2):134-140
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.72361
PMID
:22131700
Ghee, also known as clarified butter, has been utilized for thousands of years in
Ayurveda
as a therapeutic agent. In ancient India, ghee was the preferred cooking oil. In the last several decades, ghee has been implicated in the increased prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Asian Indians due to its content of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol and, in heated ghee, cholesterol oxidation products. Our previous research on Sprague-Dawley outbred rats, which serve as a model for the general population, showed no effect of 5 and 10% ghee-supplemented diets on serum cholesterol and triglycerides. However, in Fischer inbred rats, which serve as a model for genetic predisposition to diseases, results of our previous research showed an increase in serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels when fed a 10% ghee-supplemented diet. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 10% dietary ghee on microsomal lipid peroxidation, as well as serum lipid levels in Fischer inbred rats to assess the effect of ghee on free radical mediated processes that are implicated in many chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease. Results showed that 10% dietary ghee fed for 4 weeks did not have any significant effect on levels of serum total cholesterol, but did increase triglyceride levels in Fischer inbred rats. Ghee at a level of 10% in the diet did not increase liver microsomal lipid peroxidation or liver microsomal lipid peroxide levels. Animal studies have demonstrated many beneficial effects of ghee, including dose-dependent decreases in serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides; decreased liver total cholesterol, triglycerides, and cholesterol esters; and a lower level of nonenzymatic-induced lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate. Similar results were seen with heated (oxidized) ghee which contains cholesterol oxidation products. A preliminary clinical study showed that high doses of medicated ghee decreased serum cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters in psoriasis patients. A study on a rural population in India revealed a significantly lower prevalence of coronary heart disease in men who consumed higher amounts of ghee. Research on Maharishi Amrit Kalash-4 (MAK-4), an Ayurvedic herbal mixture containing ghee, showed no effect on levels of serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, or triglycerides in hyperlipidemic patients who ingested MAK-4 for 18 weeks. MAK-4 inhibited the oxidation of LDL in these patients. The data available in the literature do not support a conclusion of harmful effects of the moderate consumption of ghee in the general population. Factors that may be involved in the rise of CAD in Asian Indians include the increased use of vanaspati (vegetable ghee) which contains 40%
trans
fatty acids, psychosocial stress, insulin resistance, and altered dietary patterns. Research findings in the literature support the beneficial effects of ghee outlined in the ancient Ayurvedic texts and the therapeutic use of ghee for thousands of years in the Ayurvedic system of medicine.
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20
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2,142
ORIGINAL ARTICLES - CLINICAL RESEARCH
Protective effect of
Yashtimadhu
(
Glycyrrhiza glabra
) against side effects of radiation/chemotherapy in head and neck malignancies
Debabrata Das, SK Agarwal, HM Chandola
April-June 2011, 32(2):196-199
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.92579
PMID
:22408302
One of the very common side effects of Radiation/Chemotherapy especially of the head and neck malignancies is mucositis. Cancer therapy or the cancer itself may cause changes in the body chemistry that results in loss of appetite, pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and very common mucositis which makes eating difficult. Loss of appetite is followed by an undesirable loss of weight due to insufficient amount of calories every day which can lead to loss of muscle mass and strength and other complications by causing interruptions of medical therapy, impeding effective cancer therapy. Mucositis cause decreased immunity and quality of life as well as poor tolerance to surgery and altered efficacy of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. The present study is designed with the objective to minimize the radiation induced mucositis, skin reaction, xerostomia, change in voice etc. with an Ayurvedic preparation
Yashtimadhu
Ghrita
(processed ghee). Total 75 patients were randomly divided into four groups and drugs were administered: Group A with local application of
Yashtimadhu
powder and honey in the oral cavity for few minutes prior to radiotherapy along with oral intake of
Yashtimadhu Ghrita
; Group B with only local application of the
Yashtimadhu
powder and honey in the oral cavity; Group C patients administered with only local application of honey in the oral cavity; Group D on conventional modern medication controlled group. All these patients under four groups had received Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy for maximum duration of 7 weeks. Mucositis and Skin reactions were observed in 100% of patients with varying degree. The intensity of Radiation and Chemotherapy induced mucositis was reduced to a great extent by the trial drug.
Yashtimadhu
(
Glycyrrhiza glabra
) can be used effectively in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis post radiation and chemotheraphy in patients of cancer, especially of the head and neck region. It proves beneficial in two ways: (i) there were no interruptions in the treatment, and (ii) food intake was not severely affected leading to maintenance of nutritional status of the patients.
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13
5,429
984
REVIEW ARTICLES
Natural medicaments in dentistry
Dakshita J Sinha, Ashish A Sinha
April-June 2014, 35(2):113-118
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.146198
PMID
:25558153
The major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system. Cleaning, shaping, and use of antimicrobial medicaments are effective in reducing the bacterial load to some extent, but some bacteria do remain behind and multiply, causing reinfection. Taking into consideration the ineffectiveness, potential side-effects and safety concerns of synthetic drugs, the herbal alternatives for endodontic usage might prove to be advantageous. Over the past decade, interest in drugs derived from medicinal plants has markedly increased. Phytomedicine has been used in dentistry as anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, analgesic, sedative and also as endodontic irrigant. Herbal preparations can be derived from the root, leaves, seeds, stem, and flowers. The PubMed database search revealed that the reference list for natural medicaments featured 1480 articles and in dentistry 173 articles. A forward search was undertaken on the selected articles and author names. This review focuses on various natural drugs and products as well as their therapeutic applications when used as phytomedicine in dentistry.
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13
5,206
1,026
A progressive review of
Sandhana kalpana
(Biomedical fermentation): An advanced innovative dosage form of Ayurveda
Anand Chaudhary, Neetu Singh, Madhuri Dalvi, Asmita Wele
July-September 2011, 32(3):408-417
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.93925
PMID
:22529661
Sandhana kalpana
(biomedical fermented formulations) are one of the best dosage forms of Ayurveda in practice since thousands of years. In order to prepare these medicaments, certain sets of conditions are prearranged, which lead to fermentation. Thus, products bequeath with self-generated ethyl alcohol, which potentiate these preparations (
Asava-Arishta
), pharmaceutically and therapeutically. Commonly, medicinal and commercial components of these formulations are prompting many researchers to contribute in manufacturing, quality control, safety, and efficacy of these formulations. To cope up with this, literature related to
Asava
-
Arishta
has been surveyed from the
Vedic
period to recent publications of Government of India, ie, Ayurvedic Formulary of India, and presented briefly here. In this review paper, we have discussed pioneering facts such as nature and amount of carbohydrate, type of containers, optimum temperature, variety and relevance of initiator of fermentation, manufacturing, regulatory rules, and business aspects of
Asava-Arishta
. After going through this basic information, any academician or researcher may show a way to further strengthen this dosage form.
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12
9,583
1,262
A phytopharmacological review on an important medicinal plant -
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
Yadu Nandan Dey, Sarada Ota, N Srikanth, Mahvish Jamal, Manish Wanjari
January-March 2012, 33(1):27-32
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.100303
PMID
:23049180
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius is used for long period in various chronic diseases therapeutically. Aim of the current review is to search literature for the pharmacological properties, safety/toxicity studies, pharmacognostic studies and phytochemical investigation of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius tuber. The compiled data may be helpful for the researchers to focus on the priority areas of research yet to be discovered. Complete information about the plant has been collected from various books, journals and Ayurvedic classical texts like Samhitas, Nighantus etc. Journals of the last 20 years were searched. Particulars of pharmacological activities, phytochemical isolation, toxicity studies etc. were extracted from the published reports focussing on the safety profile of the plant. Safety of the whole plant was concluded in the review.
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12
10,078
1,594
Pharmacological attribute of
Aloe vera
: Revalidation through experimental and clinical studies
Vinay K Gupta, Seema Malhotra
April-June 2012, 33(2):193-196
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.105237
PMID
:23559789
Aloe vera
has long been used as a traditional medicine for inducing wound healing. It is a natural product that now a days is used in cosmetic industry. Benefits associated with
Aloe vera
have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves though there are various indications for its use. Biological activities include promotion of wound healing, antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immunomodulatory. Gingival fibroblasts play an important role in oral wound healing. Double blind-controlled trials are needed to determine its real efficacy in oral health.
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12
10,602
1,592
CLINICAL RESEARCH
Clinical evaluation of selected
Yogic
procedures in individuals with low back pain
AM Pushpika Attanayake, K.I.W.K Somarathna, GH Vyas, SC Dash
April-June 2010, 31(2):245-250
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.72409
PMID
:22131719
The present study has been conducted to evaluate selected
yogic
procedures on individuals with low back pain. The understanding of back pain as one of the commonest clinical presentations during clinical practice made the path to the present study. It has also been calculated that more than three-quarters of the world's population experience back pain at some time in their lives. Twelve patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups, viz., group A
yogic
group and group B control group. Advice for life style and diet was given for all the patients. The effect of the therapy was assessed subjectively and objectively. Particular scores drawn for
yogic
group and control group were individually analyzed before and after treatment and the values were compared using standard statistical protocols.
Yogic
intervention revealed 79% relief in both subjective and objective parameters (i.e., 7 out of 14 parameters showed statistically highly significant
P
< 0.01 results, while 4 showed significant results
P
< 0.05). Comparative effect of
yogic
group and control group showed 79% relief in both subjective and objective parameters. (i.e., total 6 out of 14 parameters showed statistically highly significant (
P
< 0.01) results, while 5 showed significant results (
P
< 0.05).
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11
3,909
759
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
Effect of fennel on pain intensity in dysmenorrhoea: A placebo-controlled trial
Shabnam Omidvar, Sedighe Esmailzadeh, Mahmood Baradaran, Zahra Basirat
April-June 2012, 33(2):311-313
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.105259
PMID
:23559811
The aim of this study was to determine the clinical effect of
Foeniculum vulgare
on primary dysmenorrhoea
.
Sixty virgin girls with complaints of dysmenorrhoea were enrolled in this study, out of which 50 cases were completed the course of treatment and were divided in two groups (study and placebo) and were under treatment for two cycles. In study group a capsule of 30 mg fennel extract, four times a day for three days from start of their menstrual period and in placebo a capsule containing wheat flour in same dose was administered. Intensity of pain was reported by using a 10 - point linear analogue technique. In study group the mean age of menarche was 13.1 ± 0.1 and onset age of dysmenorrhoea was 14.5 ± 0.1 years. Both groups were relieved but there was significant difference between study and placebo group. Study group shown more effective results than placebo in pain relief (
P
<0.05). Based on the observations, it can be concluded that, fennel is an effective herbal drug for menstrual pain.
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11
7,421
887
CLINICAL RESEARCHES
Clinical study on
Sandhigata Vata
w.s.r. to osteoarthritis and its management by
Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu
Babul Akhtar, Raja Ram Mahto, AR Dave, VD Shukla
January-March 2010, 31(1):53-57
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.68210
PMID
:22131685
Sandhigata Vata
is the commonest form of articular disorder. It is a type of
Vatavyadhi
which mainly occurs in
Vriddhavastha
due to
Dhatukshaya
, which limits everyday activities such as walking, dressing, bathing etc. thus making patient disabled / handicapped. It being a
Vatavyadhi
, located in
Marmasthisandhi
and its occurrence in old age makes it
Kashtasadhya
.
Vata Dosha
plays main role in the disease.
Shula Pradhana Vedana
is the cardinal feature of the disease associated with
Sandhishotha
with
Vata Purna Druti Sparsha,
lack of movements of the joints or painful movement of the joints. In this study total 49 patients having the complaints of Osteoarthritis were randomly divided into 2 groups. In Group A, patients were treated with
Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu Vati
along with
Abhyanga
and
Nadi Swedana
and in group B patients were treated with only
Abhyanga
and
Nadi Swedana
. The data shows that
Panchatikta Ghrita Guggulu
along with local
Abhyanga
and
Nadi Swedana
i.e. group A has provided better relief in the disease
Sandhigata Vata
.
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10
8,295
1,286
ORIGINAL ARTICLES - CLINICAL RESEARCH
Clinical efficacy of
Coleus forskohlii
(Willd.) Briq.
(
Makandi
) in hypertension of geriatric population
Madhavi Jagtap, HM Chandola, B Ravishankar
January-March 2011, 32(1):59-65
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.85729
PMID
:22131759
Hypertension is the most common psychosomatic disorder affecting 972 million people worldwide. The present clinical study deals with the effect of
Makandi
(Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq.) Ghana vati
and tablets of its powder in hypertension found in the geriatric age group (50-80 years). A total of 49 hypertensive patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria were registered in two groups-Group I (
Ghana vati
) and Group II (
Churna
tablet). Out of 27 enrolled patients of group I, 21 patients completed the treatment. In Group II, out of 22 registered patients, a total of 20 patients completed the treatment. The effect of the therapy was assessed on the basis of changes in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, in both sitting and supine positions; with
Manasa Bhava Pariksha, Manasa Vibhrama Pariksha
, symptomatology, geriatric signs and symptoms, and a brief psychiatric rating scale. Analysis of the results showed that the treatment in both the groups had been found to be good. It can be stated that
Makandi,
either in
Ghana
vati
form or in
churna
tablet form, is an effective remedy for the treatment of hypertension. On analyzing the overall effect, 76.19% patients in Group I and 75.00% patients in Group II were mildly improved. Comparatively the overall treatment with group I was found to be better.
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10
5,366
722
Efficacy of
Ashwagandha
(
Withania somnifera
Dunal. Linn.) in the management of psychogenic erectile dysfunction
Prasad Mamidi, AB Thakar
July-September 2011, 32(3):322-328
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.93907
PMID
:22529644
Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been defined as the persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual performance. By 2025, men with ED will be approximately 322 million, an increase of nearly 170 million men from 1995. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of
Ashwagandha
(
Withania somnifera
) in the management of psychogenic erectile dysfunction. In this study, a total of 95 patients with psychogenic erectile dysfunction satisfying the DSM IV TR diagnostic criteria were selected, out of them 86 patients completed the course of treatment. In Trial Group,
Ashwagandha
root powder and in Control group, Placebo (Wheat powder) were given for 60 days. Treatment selection and its allocation were done by following computerized randomization plan. Criterion of assessment was based on the scoring of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Scale. Paired and Unpaired
t
test were used for statistical analysis. In Trial group (
n
=41), 12.6% and in Control group (
n
=45), 19.11% of improvement was observed with the significance of (
P
<0.001). There was no significant difference (
P
>0.05) found in between the two groups. Both
Ashwagandha
and Placebo provided no relief (<25% improvement on IIEF) in psychogenic erectile dysfunction.
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10
6,645
860
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY
Anti-inflammatory effect of
Pueraria tuberosa
extracts through improvement in activity of red blood cell anti-oxidant enzymes
Nidhi Pandey, Durgavati Yadav, Vivek Pandey, Yamini B Tripathi
July-September 2013, 34(3):297-301
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.123131
PMID
:24501527
Changing life style and over-nutrition causes low-grade inflammation (LGI), with obesity and hyper-lipidemia as basic factors. The physiological state polarizes macrophages to classical type (M1), which is pro-inflammatory and promotes ectopic fat deposition in the body. Both factors induce inflammatory cascade, where free radicals (FRs) play an important role. Thus, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions would be effective in the management of LGI and plant products would be used as food supplement or as a drug. Previously, a study has reported the anti-oxidant potential of methanolic extract of tubers of
Pueraria
tuberosa
(PTME) and inhibitory role of tuberosin on lipopolysaccharides-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in macrophages in an
in vitro
study model. Here, the effect of PTME has been explored on carrageenan-induced inflammatory changes in rats. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in red blood cell hemolysate has been assessed. PTME was orally given to rats for 9 days and periodical changes (every 3
rd
day) in the activity/concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxides (LPO), and C-reactive proteins (CRP) were monitored. The PTME significantly prevented carrageenan-induced decline in GSH content, lowering of catalase and SOD activity, and rise in LPO and CRP in rats in a time-dependent, sequential manner. Thus, it could be suggested that the anti-inflammatory role of PTME is primarily mediated through its FR scavenging potential.
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10
2,936
499
REVIEW ARTICLES
Prakriti
-based medicine: A step towards personalized medicine
Bijoya Chatterjee, Jigisha Pancholi
April-June 2011, 32(2):141-146
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.92539
PMID
:22408293
The concept of personalized medicine has been around for as long as people have been practicing medicine. From
Charaka
to Hippocrates, all have practiced the personalized approach for treating a disease. In the 21
st
century, personalized medicine is all about DNA. Whereas the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and epigenetic factors influence drug response and form the basis of personalized medicine, the
tridosha
theory forms the basis of
Prakriti
-based medicine. It is well established by now that western allopathic medicine is excellent in handling acute medical crises, whereas
Ayurveda
has successfully demonstrated an ability to manage chronic disorders that Western medicine has been unable to cure. With effective integration of 'omics'
Prakriti
-based medicine can play a vital role in this changing scenario of global health wisdom as
Ayurveda
offers its modalities by way of
ahara
(diet),
vihara
(lifestyle), and
aushadhi
(medication), which are the three pillars of
prakriti
-based medicine making it a holistic science.
Prakriti
-based medicine and other traditional medicine systems have the potential to offer remedies to the challenging health issues like adverse drug reactions, drug withdrawals, and economic disparities among few. An integrative global approach could do wonders to health sciences benefiting a broad spectrum of patients.
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10
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1,295
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
Anti-inflammatory activity of Guduchi Ghana (aqueous extract of Tinospora Cordifolia Miers.)
Biswajyoti Patgiri, Bharti L Umretia, Pradip U Vaishnav, Pradeep Kumar Prajapati, Vinay J Shukla, B Ravishankar
January-March 2014, 35(1):108-110
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.141958
PMID
:25364210
Background:
Guduchi Ghana
is one of the unique Ayuvedic classical preparation which is prepared from aqueous of extract of
Guduchi
(
Tinospora cordifolia
Miers.) stem. It is one of the frequently used drugs to treat the
Madhumeha
,
Pandu
,
Kamala
,
Amlapitta
,
Grahani
,
Kustha
,
Jirna
Jwara
and
Viswamjwara
,
Trishna
,
Shool
,
Yakritavikara
, etc. Looking to these indications, in market most of the Pharma industries prepared
Guduchi Ghana
by applying the various extraction process.
Aim:
To evaluate comparative anti-inflammatory activity of classically prepared and market sample of
Guduchi
Ghana
.
Materials and Methods:
Both samples were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced paw edema model in rats. Animals were divided in three groups, having six animals in each. Group A received test drug, Group B received market sample at a dose of 50 mg/kg orally, while Group C (control group) received tap water.
Results:
Reduction in edema was observed in Group A and B at 3 h interval by 33.06% and 11.71% respectively. Group A showed significant effects (
P
< 0.05) in comparison to control group.
Conclusion:
These experimental results have shown anti-inflammatory activity of
Guduchi Ghana
.
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664
ORIGINAL ARTICLES - CLINICAL RESEARCH
Clinical study of
Tribulus terrestris
Linn. in Oligozoospermia: A double blind study
Thirunavukkarasu M Sellandi, Anup B Thakar, Madhav Singh Baghel
July-September 2012, 33(3):356-364
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.108822
PMID
:23723641
Infertility is a problem of global proportions, affecting on an average 8-12% of couples worldwide. Low sperm count (Oligozoospermia) is one of the main causes of male infertility and it is correlated with
Kshina Shukra.
The fruits of
Gokshura
(Tribulus terrestris.
Linn
)
are considered to act as a diuretic and aphrodisiac; they used for urolithiasis, sexual dysfunctions, and infertility. Hence, it was planned to study the effect of
Gokshura
in the management of
Kshina
Shukra
(Oligozoospermia), and to evade the preconception, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed. In this study, eligible subjects between the age of 21 and 50 years, with a complaint of
Kshina Shukra
(Oligozoospermia), were randomized to receive either
Gokshura
granules or placebo granules for 60 days. The primary outcome measures were percentage changes in the
Pratyatmaka
Lakshanas
(cardinal symptoms) of
Kshina Shukra, Agni bala, Deha bala, Satva bala
, the semenogram, and in the Quality of the Sexual Health Questionnaire. The placebo granules showed 70.95% improvement, whereas, the
Gokshura
granules showed 78.11% improvement in
Rogi bala
(
Agni bala, Deha bala
,
Satva Bala,
and the Quality of Sexual Health) and
Rogabala
(Semen Analysis and
Pratyatmaka
Lakshanas
). The
Gokshura
granules have shown superior results in the management of
Kshina Shukra,
as compared to the placebo granules.
[ABSTRACT]
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[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
9
8,892
1,521
ORIGINAL ARTICLES - PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY
An
in-vitro
evaluation of the efficacy of garlic extract as an antimicrobial agent on periodontal pathogens: A microbiological study
Sunaina Shetty, Biju Thomas, Veena Shetty, Rahul Bhandary, Raghavendra M Shetty
October-December 2013, 34(4):445-451
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.127732
PMID
:24695825
With the rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, there is considerable interest in the development of other classes of antimicrobials for the control of infection. Garlic (
Allium
sativum
Linn.) has been used as medicine since ancient times and has long been known to have antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. This study was undertaken to assess the inhibitory effect of garlic on
Porphyromonas
gingivalis
and
Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans,
to assess the time-kill curve of
P.
gingivalis
and
A.
actinomycetemcomitans,
and to determine the antiproteolytic activity of garlic on
P.
gingivalis.
Ethanolic garlic extract (EGE) and aqueous garlic extract (AGE) were prepared and the inhibitory effects of these extracts for two periodontal pathogens (
P.
gingivalis
and
A.
actinomycetemcomitans
) were tested. Antiproteolytic activity on protease of
P.
gingivalis
was determined. 25 microliter (μl), 50 μl, and 75 μl of AGE showed 16 mm, 20 mm, and 25 mm zone of inhibition, respectively, on
P.
gingivalis.
The AGE showed greater bacteriostatic activity against the
P.
gingivalis
with minimum inhibitory concentration determined at 16.6 μl/ml. The time-kill assay of AGE and EGE were compared for
P.
gingivalis
and
A.
actinomycetemcomitans
. AGE showed better antiproteolytic activity on total protease of
P.
gingivalis
compared to the EGE. Thus, the study concludes the antimicrobial activity of garlic extract against periodontal pathogens,
P.
gingivalis,
A.
actinomycetemcomitans.
Its action against
P.
gingivalis
includes inhibition of total protease activity, and this raises the possibility that garlic may have therapeutic use for periodontitis and possibly other oral infections.
[ABSTRACT]
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[PubMed]
9
3,898
911
PHARMACEUTICAL STANDARDIZATION
Evaluation of comparative free-radical quenching potential of
Brahmi
(
Bacopa monnieri
) and
Mandookparni
(
Centella asiatica
)
Sourav Mukherjee, Swapnil Dugad, Rahul Bhandare, Nayana Pawar, Suresh Jagtap, Pankaj K Pawar, Omkar Kulkarni
April-June 2011, 32(2):258-264
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.92549
PMID
:22408313
Ayurvedic
texts describe rejuvenate measures called
Rasayana
to impart biological sustenance to bodily tissues.
Rasayana
acting specifically on brain are called
Medhya Rasayana
.
Brahmi
is one of the most commonly practiced herbs for the same. Yet there exist a controversy regarding the exact plant species among
Bacopa monnieri
L. Penn
(BM)
and
Centella asiatica
(L.) Urban
(CA)
to be used as
Brahmi
in the formulations. Though the current literature available has suggested a very good nootropic potential of both the drugs, none of the studies have been carried out on comparative potential of these herbs to resolve the controversy. Free-radical scavenging potential for these plants is studied to find out their comparative efficacy. The study revealed a very good
in vitro
free-radical scavenging properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both the plants as evidenced by FRAP, DPPH, reducing power, and antilipid peroxidation assays. It can be concluded from the studies that both the plants, although taxonomically totally different at family level, showed similar type of
in vitro
activities. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents also revealed a significant similarity in the two plants. The
in vitro
study supports the
Ayurvedic
concept of
BM
and
CA
having a similar potential.
[ABSTRACT]
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[PubMed]
9
6,453
880
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Anticonvulsant activity of raw and classically processed
Vacha
(
Acorus calamus
Linn.) rhizomes
Savitha D Bhat, BK Ashok, RN Acharya, B Ravishankar
January-March 2012, 33(1):119-122
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.100328
PMID
:23049196
The rhizome of Vacha (Acorus calamus) has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of various ailments, such as epilepsy, headache, eye disorders, insomnia, loss of memory, etc. Previous studies demonstrated that Vacha rhizome is having significant anticonvulsant activity against various induced seizures models in experimental animals. Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India has advocated Shodhana (purificatory procedures) to be done prior to its use. In the present study a comparative anticonvulsant activity of raw and Shodhita (classically processed) Vacha rhizomes were screened against Maximal Electro Shock (MES) seizure model to assess the effect of classical purificatory procedure on pharmacological action of Vacha. Phenytoin was used as standard antiepileptic drug for comparison. Pretreatment with both raw and classically processed Vacha samples exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity by decreasing the duration of tonic extensor phase. Further classically processed Vacha statistically decreased the duration of convulsion and stupor phases of MES-induced seizures. The results obtained from the present study clearly confirmed the anticonvulsant activity of raw Vacha and subjecting to classical Shodhana procedure did not alter the efficacy of Vacha rhizomes instead it enhanced the activity profile of the Vacha.
[ABSTRACT]
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[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
9
4,314
654
Antiobesity effect of
Stellaria media
against drug induced obesity in Swiss albino mice
Vijay R Chidrawar, Krishnakant N Patel, Navin R Sheth, Shruti S Shiromwar, Piyush Trivedi
October-December 2011, 32(4):576-584
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.96137
PMID
:22661858
The whole plant of S
tellaria media
(family: Caryophyllaceae) has been tested for its antiobesity activity by using progesterone-induced obesity model in female albino mice. The effect of
S
.
media
on food consumption pattern, change in body weight, thermogenesis, lipid metabolism, and histology of fat pad. were examined. Methanolic and alcoholic extracts of the
S
.
media
were used in the study. Methanolic extract of
S
.
media
(MESM) have prevented the increase in body weight, adipose tissue weight and size, and upturned obesity and associated complications. MESM has also shown promising effects compared with alcoholic extract of
S
.
media
may be because of its multiple mechanisms. These findings suggest that antiobesity activity produced by MESM is because of its anorexic property mediated by saponin and flavonoid and partly of by its β-sitosterol content. β-Sitosterol in the plant extract was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography study. β-sitosterol is plant sterol having structural similarity with dietary fat which do the physical competition in the gastrointestinal tract and reduces fat absorption. Before carrying
in vivo
activity detail pharmacognostic and phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out. The plant has shown the presence of saponin, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids, glycosides, and anthocynidine. By this study, it can be concluded that, MESM is beneficial in suppression of obesity induced by progesterone.
[ABSTRACT]
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[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
8
6,528
724
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY
Anti‑inflammatory effect of
Chandrashura (Lepidium sativum
Linn.
)
an experimental study
Nita D Raval, B Ravishankar, BK Ashok
July-September 2013, 34(3):302-304
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.123132
PMID
:24501528
Lepidium sativum
Linn. (
Chandrashura
) of Family
Cruciferae
(
Brassicaceae
) is being used by the people of Gujarat for treating inflammatory condition like arthritis. To evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity, Charles Foster albino rats were selected and experiments were carried out in three groups, therapeutic dose group, twice of therapeutic dose group and control group. In Carrageenan-induced paw oedema, the test drug produced moderate anti-inflammatory activity; however, the effect did not show statistically significant activity due to variation in the data of the control group. In formaldehyde-induced paw oedema in rats, the test drug produced moderate to significant suppression. This indicates that
Chandrashura
has a strong inhibitory effect on proliferation of fibroblasts and also probably has connective tissue modulation effect.
[ABSTRACT]
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[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
8
2,600
465
REVIEW ARTICLES
Some basic aspects of statistical methods and sample size determination in health science research
VS Binu, Shreemathi S Mayya, Murali Dhar
April-June 2014, 35(2):119-123
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.146202
PMID
:25558154
A health science researcher may sometimes wonder "why statistical methods are so important in research?" Simple answer is that, statistical methods are used throughout a study that includes planning, designing, collecting data, analyzing and drawing meaningful interpretation and report the findings. Hence, it is important that a researcher knows the concepts of at least basic statistical methods used at various stages of a research study. This helps the researcher in the conduct of an appropriately well-designed study leading to valid and reliable results that can be generalized to the population. A well-designed study possesses fewer biases, which intern gives precise, valid and reliable results. There are many statistical methods and tests that are used at various stages of a research. In this communication, we discuss the overall importance of statistical considerations in medical research with the main emphasis on estimating minimum sample size for different study objectives.
[ABSTRACT]
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[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
8
5,544
1,024
Alternative medicine and anesthesia: Implications and considerations in daily practice
Sukhminder Jit Singh Bajwa, Aparajita Panda
October-December 2012, 33(4):475-480
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.110515
PMID
:23723662
Nowadays, herbal medicines are widely used by most of the people, including the pre-surgical population. These medicines may pose numerous challenges during perioperative care. The objective of the current literature review is to dwell upon the impact of the use of herbal medicines during the perioperative period, and to review the strategies for managing their perioperative use. The data was generated from various articles of different journals, text books, web source, including, Entrez Pubmed, Medscape, WebMD, and so on. Selected only those herbal medicines for which information on, safety, usage, and precautions during the perioperative period was available. Thereafter, the information about safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics from selected literature was gathered and analyzed. The whole review focused on the fact that these commonly used alternative medicines could sometimes pose as a concern during the perioperative period, in various ways. These complications could be due to their direct action, pharmacodynamic effect, or pharmacokinetic effect. In view of the serious impacts of herbal medicine usage in perioperative care, the anesthesiologist should take a detailed history, especially stressing on the use of herbal medicine during the preoperative anesthetic assessment. The anesthesiologist should also be aware of the potential perioperative effects of those drugs. Accordingly, steps should to be taken to prevent, recognize, and treat the complications that may arise due to their use or discontinuation.
[ABSTRACT]
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
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[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
8
7,852
1,122
SPECIAL REPORT
Status of Indian medicine and folk healing: With a focus on integration of AYUSH medical systems in healthcare delivery
Shailaja Chandra
October-December 2012, 33(4):461-465
DOI
:10.4103/0974-8520.110504
PMID
:23723660
[FULL TEXT]
[PDF]
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[EPub]
[CITATIONS]
[PubMed]
8
4,772
2,738
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© AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) | Official publication of Institute For Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda,Jamnagar | Published by Wolters Kluwer -
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Online since 1st Aug, 2010